What is hardware virtualization

Hardware virtualization is CPU/chipset support that helps a hypervisor run multiple isolated operating systems (virtual machines) efficiently on the same physical machine.

Typically it provides:

  • CPU virtualization (Intel VT-x / AMD-V): lets a guest OS run in a controlled mode while the hypervisor retains control.
  • Memory virtualization (e.g., EPT/NPT): accelerates address translation between guest and host memory.
  • I/O and device virtualization (e.g., VT-d/IOMMU, SR-IOV): isolates and optionally passes through devices safely.

CPU virtualization (Intel VT-x / AMD-V)

Quick CPU capability check

egrep -wo 'vmx|svm' /proc/cpuinfo | head
  • vmx = Intel VT-x
  • svm = AMD-V

If this prints nothing, the CPU either doesn’t support it or it’s disabled in BIOS/UEFI.

GPU